高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中香兰素的含量

目的:建立一种高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中香兰素含量的方法。方法:以18种乳制品为样品,采用C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)反相色谱柱,甲醇-水(35∶65)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为275 nm。结果:结果表明,各种不同基质样品中香兰素检出限为0.450μg·ml-1,浓度在1.990~99.500μg·ml-1的范围内呈线性关系(r=1.000 0),低、中、高三水平回收率在96.26%~100.81%之间,RSD在0.15%~2.22%之间。结论:该方法操作简便,结果可靠,可用于乳制品中香兰素含量的快速测定。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the notification process in the area of health products

In Brazil, health products are subject to health technology and are marketed only after they are registered by regulated companies. It is important to monitor the performance of these products in the market during the post-marketing phase, in an effort to prevent, intervene, and act in response to complaints and adverse events.Objectives: Evaluate and perform a functional benchmarking to identify best practices in health technology monitoring of health product companies, and determine critical points regarding the execution of health technology assessment programs.Methods: The sampling of the target population was non-probabilistic and the investigation was conducted with the collection of different kinds of information related to technical complaint (TC) and adverse event (AE) procedures performed by companies that register health products.Results: A pilot study was performed. After the preparation of a questionnaire, it was applied in a functional benchmarking in 22 medium/large companies that follow-up with consumers of health products.Conclusions: The questionnaire developed throughout the study proved to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of the degree of implementation of health products monitoring procedures. Company “A” appeared to be meeting what Brazilian legislation requires as a standard procedure for health technology monitoring.     

Evaluation of equivalent dose from neutrons and activation products from a 15-MV X-ray LINAC

A high-energy photon beam that is more than 10 MV can produce neutron contamination. Neutrons are generated by the [γ,n] reactions with a high-Z target material. The equivalent neutron dose and gamma dose from activation products have been estimated in a LINAC equipped with a 15-MV photon beam. A Monte Carlo simulation code was employed for neutron and photon dosimetry due to mixed beam. The neutron dose was also experimentally measured using the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) under various conditions to compare with the simulation. The activation products were measured by gamma spectrometer system. The average neutron energy was calculated to be 0.25 MeV. The equivalent neutron dose at the isocenter obtained from OSL measurement and MC calculation was 5.39 and 3.44 mSv/Gy, respectively. A gamma dose rate of 4.14 µSv/h was observed as a result of activations by neutron inside the treatment machine. The gamma spectrum analysis showed ²⁸Al, ²⁴Na, ⁵⁴Mn and ⁶⁰Co. The results confirm that neutrons and gamma rays are generated, and gamma rays remain inside the treatment room after the termination of X-ray irradiation. The source of neutrons is the product of the [γ,n] reactions in the machine head, whereas gamma rays are produced from the [n,γ] reactions (i.e. neutron activation) with materials inside the treatment room. The most activated nuclide is ²⁸Al, which has a half life of 2.245 min. In practice, it is recommended that staff should wait for a few minutes (several ²⁸Al half-lives) before entering the treatment room after the treatment finishes to minimize the dose received.     

Spanish smoked meat products: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) contamination and moisture

Traditional direct smoking is used for drying and flavouring foodstuffs, although carcinogenic compounds are added during this process, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The maximum permissible content of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (a current marker for the occurrence and effect of PAH in foods) in smoked meat products was reduced from 5 to 2 μg/kg on 1/09/2014, in compliance with European Regulation No. 835/2011. In this study, an analytical method has been developed to determine BaP content consisting of PAH extraction assisted by sonication followed by solid-phase extraction sample clean-up and analytical determination using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sixteen commercial chorizo samples from 16 different Spanish producers from the Principality of Asturias were studied. Five of the samples exceeded the 2 ppb BaP limit. The relationship between moisture and BaP content in chorizo was examined, in order to verify the quality of the manufacturing process. Moisture content did not correlate with BaP content in chorizo.     

Human exposure in Italy to lead,cadmium and mercury through fish and seafood product consumption from Eastern Central Atlantic Fishing Area

The presence of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) was investigated in fish and seafood products collected from the FAO Major Fishing Area 34, Eastern Central Atlantic. Samples were purchased from different retail outlets in Italy. Samples were selected so as to assess human exposure through diet. Metals were detected by Q-ICP-MS and Hg-AAS. All the metal concentrations detected were largely below the maximum levels (MLs) established by the European Union. The exposure assessment was undertaken by matching the concentration of Cd, Pb and total Hg in fish and other seafood products selected purposed according to Italian consumption data. The estimated weekly intakes (EWIs) for the evaluated elements related to the consumption of fish and other seafood products by the median of the Italian total population accounted for 14%, 2% and 14% of the standard tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for Cd and Hg as well as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for Pb, respectively.     

广东省2009-2013年保健食品违法广告调查分析

目的 调查分析2009-2013年广东省保健食品违法广告的违法特点,为规范保健食品广告的发布提供研究参考.方法 从广东省食品药品监督管理局官方网站汇总广东省2009-2013年保健食品生产经销单位违法保健食品广告的通知公告,并对所获得信息进行整理分析.以保健食品常见功能作为划分点,建立违法次数的统计表从而进行数据研究.结果 保健食品违法广告中的保健食品主要是免疫调节类功能,夸大产品功效是保健食品违法广告的最主要表现形式.结论 针对保健食品违法广告存在的问题,提出相关的对策:完善保健食品广告的法律法规,改革保健食品广告审批权与管理权分离的体制,建立保健食品违法广告的公众监督查询平台系统等.     

血液制品病毒灭活／去除技术平台的建立与应用

目的：建立血液制品病毒灭活／去除技术并应用于血液制品的病毒灭活／去除工艺验证。方法建立指示病毒库以及S／D处理法、低pH孵放法、干热法、巴氏消毒法、纳米膜过滤法等血液制品病毒灭活／去除技术,采用细胞病变法测定病毒滴度,Spearman和Karber法计算病毒滴度,病毒滴度降低量（ LRV）≥4判为有效,对企业的血液制品样品进行病毒灭活／去除验证。结果 S／D处理法和低pH孵放法可有效灭活有包膜指示病毒,干热法和巴氏消毒法可有效灭活有、无包膜指示病毒,纳米膜过滤法可在一定过滤量范围内去除PPV指示病毒。结论所建立的血液制品病毒灭活／去除技术可用于血液制品的病毒灭活／去除工艺验证,以提高血液制品的病毒安全性。     

rhGH对老年多器官功能不全患者CD47、L-选择素及高级氧化蛋白产物表达的影响

目的观察重组人生长激素(rh GH)对老年多器官功能不全(MODSE)患者膜糖蛋白CD47、L-选择素及高级氧化蛋白产物(AOPPs)表达的影响。方法 66例MODSE患者随机均分为对照组(n=33,给予常规治疗)及治疗组(n=33,在常规治疗基础上加用rh GH)。所有患者均于治疗前及治疗后第3、14、28天取静脉血,流式细胞仪检测血清CD47阳性率,ELISA和分光光度计法检测L-选择素及AOPPs浓度,并观察两组患者APACHEⅢ评分的变化。结果与治疗前比较,对照组和治疗组的CD47阳性率增高,AOPPs浓度、L-选择素水平及APACHEⅢ评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组CD47阳性率增高(P<0.05),AOPPs浓度降低,L-选择素水平下降,APACHEⅢ评分降低,病死率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组内观察,与治疗后第3天比较,第14天CD47阳性率增高,AOPPs浓度降低,L-选择素水平下降,APACHEⅢ评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗后第14天比较,第28天CD47阳性率增高,AOPPs浓度降低,L-选择素水平下降,APACHEⅢ评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 rh GH可增强MODSE患者的免疫功能,减轻氧化应激及炎症反应,并可降低病死率。